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Clinic AI in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe, what private clinics and health systems should know in 2026

By the wai teamOctober 15, 20268 min read

Reviewed by The Wellness Clinical Team, October 5, 2026

A clinician at ease in a vast, light-filled private clinic in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe, the city beyond the glass

Key points

Summary

A clinic in Osaka, Kyoto or Kobe can use AI for notes and patient messages in 2026 with the patient's prior consent for medical information under APPI, the physician as the one who diagnoses and signs, and records kept five years under MHLW's security measures. The doctor signs every note and the receptionist approves every reply.

A Kansai clinic on wai ends the day with every message answered and every note signed before the doctor leaves. The national rules on consent, records and AI apply in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe alike, and each is set out below with the local numbers.

Part of the MHLW hub, with the framework explained, a readiness checklist and 7 guides.

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3,734
general clinics in Osaka City on 1 October 2023, 134.8 per 100,000 people 5
112.4
general clinics per 100,000 people in Kyoto City in 2023, against 84.4 for Japan 6
54,522
foreign residents of Kobe from 143 countries and regions, March 2024 7

See an evening enquiry to a Kansai clinic become an approved reply and a booked Saturday appointment, in fifteen minutes with a clinician who uses wai daily.

The rules at a glance for a clinic in Osaka, Kyoto or Kobe
Body or lawRuleWhat to checkHow wai meets it
APPI Articles 2(3) and 20(2), Personal Information Protection CommissionMedical history acquired only with prior consentWhere the consent is captured and storedEvery booked patient receives an intake questionnaire before the visit
APPI Article 28Transfer to a third party abroad needs informed consent or an equivalent-standard recipientWhich country holds every copy, including AI processingRecords hosted in the clinic's own country, set up with the clinic
MHLW security guideline, version 7.0Technical and organisational measures for medical information systemsWhich guideline version the controls followAES-256 at rest, TLS 1.3 in transit, role-based access enforced in the database
Medical Practitioners' Act Article 24Record written without delay, kept five yearsHow retention and export work at exitEvery message, draft and signature logged and exportable
MHLW notice of 19 December 2018The physician diagnoses, treats and bears final responsibility when AI supports the workWho signs each AI-drafted noteEvery note stays a draft until the doctor signs it

The private care market in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe

Osaka City had 3,734 general clinics on 1 October 2023, 134.8 per 100,000 residents, against 101.3 for Osaka Prefecture and 84.4 for Japan as a whole.5 Only 65 of them had beds, so almost all of that care happens in outpatient practices.5 Kyoto City had 1,622 general clinics and 95 hospitals on the same date, 112.4 clinics per 100,000 people.6

At the end of 2022, Osaka Prefecture had 26,518 doctors, 302.0 per 100,000 people, and Kyoto Prefecture had 355.6 per 100,000, both above the national 274.7.10 Each holds a licence from the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare after the national examination, under Article 2 of the Medical Practitioners' Act.2

The rules a Kansai clinic works under

The Act on the Protection of Personal Information, enforced by the Personal Information Protection Commission, lists medical history as sensitive personal information in Article 2(3).1 Article 20(2) bars acquiring it without the person's prior consent, outside listed exceptions, and Article 28 requires consent, given after information on the destination country's protection system, before personal data goes to a third party abroad, unless that country or recipient meets the Commission's equivalence standards.1

Article 24 of the Medical Practitioners' Act requires the doctor to write the record without delay, and the clinic's administrator to keep it for five years.2 MHLW's Guidelines for the Security Management of Medical Information Systems set the technical and organisational measures for any system holding those records, and version 7.0 was issued in June 2026.3

On AI itself, MHLW's notice of 19 December 2018 states that when a program using AI supports diagnosis or treatment, the physician remains the one who diagnoses and treats and bears final responsibility for the judgement, as medical practice under Article 17 of the Act.4

Japan has no single statute on recording a consultation. The audio carries medical history, so the APPI prior consent is the step to write down, starting from the consent form template.1

wai hosts each clinic's records in its own country, under that country's rules. We set this up with your clinic. wai is compliant with these rules and built for clinics in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe. The doctor reviews and signs each drafted note, as the 2018 notice describes, and every signature is logged for the clinic to export.

The languages Kansai patients write in

Japanese comes first. Osaka Prefecture had 360,390 foreign residents at the end of June 2025, up 26,826 in six months.9 Kobe had 54,522 foreign residents from 143 countries and regions in March 2024, led by Chinese nationals (15,109), Korean nationals (14,626), Vietnamese (8,398) and Nepalese (3,638).7

wai works in any language.8 The receptionist reads and approves each reply before it goes, in the patient's own language.

What a demo shows in Osaka, Kyoto and Kobe

The demo starts with a message sent through the clinic's website at 21.30, from a Kobe office worker asking whether she can see the dermatologist on Saturday morning before a family trip. wai reads it in her thread, checks the doctor's busy times in Google Calendar, finds the open 10.00 slot and drafts a reply in the clinic's own polite register. The receptionist approves it before morning surgery.

The booking link takes a deposit in yen through the clinic's own Stripe account, with the clinic as merchant of record, and the patient receives an intake questionnaire. After the consultation, the doctor edits and signs the drafted note and any referral letter. Bring a real evening enquiry from last month, and read the guide to one inbox for clinic messages for what to measure.

For hospital groups, insurers and public bodies in Kansai

Hospital groups and prefectural or municipal bodies across Osaka, Kyoto and Hyogo can run a system of their own on wai, under their brand, beginning with one pathway and its measures. Rights to data, configuration and models are agreed in the contract, as the organisations page explains.

Where to start

First, add an APPI prior consent for medical information and consultation audio to intake.1 Second, get in writing where records are held, which Article 28 ground covers any transfer abroad and which version of the MHLW security guideline the controls follow.13

Third, write into the clinical records policy that the doctor signs every AI-drafted note, in line with the 2018 notice, and confirm five-year retention and full export in the contract.42 Fourth, count last month's enquiries by channel and hour.

Send us last month's evening enquiries, and we show the Saturday they would have filled.

Frequently asked questions

Is medical information sensitive data under Japanese law?

Yes. APPI Article 2(3) lists medical history as sensitive personal information, and Article 20(2) requires prior consent to acquire it, outside listed exceptions.1

Can a Kansai clinic's records be stored outside Japan?

Only under APPI Article 28, with informed consent or a recipient that meets the Commission's equivalence standards.1 wai hosts each clinic's records in its own country, under that country's rules. We set this up with your clinic.

Who is responsible when AI helps with a diagnosis?

The physician. MHLW's 2018 notice states that the physician diagnoses and treats and bears final responsibility for the judgement.4

How long must a Japanese clinic keep medical records?

Five years, under Article 24 of the Medical Practitioners' Act, kept by the clinic's administrator.2

Which security guideline applies to clinic AI systems?

MHLW's Guidelines for the Security Management of Medical Information Systems, which reached version 7.0 in June 2026.3

Can patients write in their own language?

Yes. wai works in any language, and the receptionist approves every reply before it goes.8

Sources

  1. 1Ministry of Justice, Japanese Law TranslationAct on the Protection of Personal Information (Act No. 57 of 2003), English translationRead 14 October 2026Read source
  2. 2Digital Agency, e-Gov LawsMedical Practitioners' Act (医師法, Act No. 201 of 1948), Articles 2 and 24Read 14 October 2026Read source
  3. 3Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 2026Guidelines for the Security Management of Medical Information Systems, version 7.0 (医療情報システムの安全管理に関するガイドライン 第7.0版)Read 14 October 2026Read source
  4. 4Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Medical Professions Division, 2018Use of programs that support diagnosis and treatment with AI and Article 17 of the Medical Practitioners' Act (医政医発1219第1号)Read 14 October 2026Read source
  5. 5Osaka City, 2023Annual trend in general clinics, Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture and Japan (医療施設数の年次推移 一般診療所)Read 14 October 2026Read source
  6. 6Kyoto City, 2023Overview of medical facilities in Kyoto City, 2023 (医療施設の概況)Read 14 October 2026Read source
  7. 7Kobe City, 2024Foreign residents of Kobe, population trend and nationality (市内在住外国人の現状)Read 14 October 2026Read source
  8. 8wai, 2026wai changelog, intake answered by voice in any languageRead 14 October 2026Read source
  9. 9Immigration Services Agency of Japan, 2025Number of foreign residents at the end of June 2025 (令和7年6月末現在における在留外国人数について)Read 15 October 2026Read source
  10. 10Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, 20242022 survey of physicians, dentists and pharmacists, statistical tables, Table 9 by prefectureRead 15 October 2026Read source
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