Key points
- Milan's registry counted 1,399,079 residents in 2025, of whom 295,805, or 21.1%, held a foreign citizenship.12
- Italy's Law 132 of 2025 gives every patient the right to be told when AI is used, and leaves every clinical decision to the doctor.3
- Every service by a public, accredited or authorised private provider goes into the patient's Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico within five days.4
- In Lombardy most outpatient clinics open by filing a SCIA with the ATS, with prior authorisation kept for inpatient, assisted reproduction and residential psychiatric facilities.5
- wai hosts each clinic's records in its own country, under that country's rules. We set this up with your clinic.7
Summary
A Milan clinic can use AI for notes and patient messages under GDPR and Italy's Law 132 of 2025, which require patients to be told when AI is used and keep every decision with the doctor. Records of each service must reach the patient's Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico within five days, and one Milan resident in five holds a foreign citizenship.
Every enquiry answered the same day in the patient's language, and every visit filed to the national record on time. Italy now has a national AI law with rules for healthcare, sitting on top of GDPR and Lombardy's regional rules.
See it in your clinicThirty minutes on your own patients and doctors.
Request a demoSee an Arabic enquiry drafted for your team to approve, a deposit taken in euros and a note your doctor signs, in fifteen minutes.
| Body or rule | What it requires | What to ask | How wai meets it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Law 132 of 2025, Article 7 | Patients informed of AI use, the decision always with the doctor | Can any AI output reach a patient or the record unsigned | Drafts only, the doctor or team reviews and approves |
| GDPR Article 9, supervised by the Garante | Health data processed only on a valid basis, such as care by professionals bound by secrecy | Which subprocessors touch health data, and where | Subprocessors named with 30 days notice, records hosted in the clinic's own country |
| Decree-Law 179 of 2012, Article 12 | Each service added to the Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico within five days | How do signed documents reach the FSE | Built to connect to the FSE, set up with each clinic |
| Lombardy Regional Law 23 of 2015, ATS Milano | SCIA for outpatient clinics, authorisation for inpatient and certain specialist facilities | Does the system keep records in the form the ATS inspects | Every message, draft, approval and signature logged and exportable |
The private care market in Milan
The Comune di Milano's registry data count 1,399,079 residents in 2025, of whom 1,103,274 were Italian citizens and 295,805 held another citizenship, 21.1% of the city.21
Lombardy has two routes to opening a clinic. Regional Law 23 of 2015 reserves prior authorisation from the ATS for inpatient facilities, assisted reproduction centres and residential psychiatric care, and every other healthcare facility, including outpatient and single-specialty dental practices, files a Segnalazione Certificata di Inizio Attività with the ATS.5
The rules a clinic in Milan works under
Law 132 of 23 September 2025 is Italy's national AI law. Article 7 gives the patient the right to be informed about the use of AI, treats AI in healthcare as support for prevention, diagnosis, care and treatment choice, and leaves the decision always with the medical professional.3 The same article requires AI systems and their data used in healthcare to be reliable, periodically checked and updated.3
Health data is a special category under GDPR Article 9, which permits its processing for the provision of health care by professionals bound by secrecy.6 The Garante per la protezione dei dati personali supervises how clinics apply it, and its 2023 decalogue on AI in national health services asks for a person in every decision process who can check, validate or overturn the automated result.9
The national record sets a clock. Article 12 of Decree-Law 179 of 2012 requires every service by public operators, accredited private operators and authorised private operators to be added to the patient's Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico within five days.4 Lombardy runs its regional FSE under that national rule.
wai hosts each clinic's records in its own country, under that country's rules. We set this up with your clinic. wai is compliant with these rules and built for clinics in Milan.7 wai is built to connect to the Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico. We set up your clinic's connection with you.
The languages patients write in
Italy's registry records citizenship, the closest official guide to the languages patients write in. In 2025 Milan's largest foreign communities were Egyptian at 41,957, Chinese at 37,641, Filipino at 35,638, Peruvian at 18,399 and Sri Lankan at 15,629.1
That points a Milan front desk to Arabic, Chinese, Tagalog and Spanish alongside Italian and English. wai works in any language.8
What a demo shows in Milan
A WhatsApp message arrives in Arabic at 22:30 asking whether a Saturday appointment is available. wai checks the doctors' busy times in Google Calendar, Outlook or Apple Calendar, offers an open Saturday slot and drafts the reply in Arabic in the clinic's voice, and the receptionist approves it with one tap the next morning. An English email from a relocating executive gets the same treatment, with the price on the page and a booking link.
The patient books on the clinic's own site, earliest time first, and pays a deposit in euros through the clinic's own Stripe account. The doctor tells the patient that AI drafts the note, as Law 132 requires. wai drafts it during the visit, and the doctor reviews and signs it. Every message, draft, approval and signature is logged and exportable.7
For health systems, insurers and public bodies in Lombardy
Hospital groups, insurers and public health bodies in Lombardy can have wai build a system of their own on one patient record, starting with one pathway and agreed controls, with data, configuration and exit rights in the contract. The approach is on the organisations page.
Where to start
First, add one sentence to your patient information telling patients that AI drafts notes and messages and that the doctor decides, which meets the Law 132 duty to inform. Second, map how each visit reaches the Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico inside five days. Third, put the hosting country and subprocessor list in writing, then read the data residency guide.
Then count last month's enquiries by language and hour, and bring them to a fifteen-minute demo. Pricing is published on the pricing page. This page is general information on the law as read on 14 October 2026, and the clinic's own adviser should confirm how it applies.
Bring last month's enquiries in Italian, English and Arabic and watch them drafted for your team to approve.
Frequently asked questions
Do Milan clinics have to tell patients they use AI?
Yes. Article 7 of Law 132 of 2025 gives the patient the right to be informed about the use of AI in their care.3
Can AI make a clinical decision in Italy?
No. Law 132 treats AI as support and leaves the decision always with the medical professional.3
Do private clinics have to feed the Fascicolo Sanitario Elettronico?
Yes. Every service by public, accredited private and authorised private operators is added within five days.4
Does a new outpatient clinic in Milan need authorisation from the ATS?
Most outpatient clinics file a SCIA with the ATS instead. Prior authorisation covers inpatient facilities, assisted reproduction centres and residential psychiatric care.5
Where would our records be hosted?
wai hosts each clinic's records in its own country, under that country's rules. We set this up with your clinic.7
Sources
- 1Comune di Milano, open data, 2026Stranieri, residenti per cittadinanza e genere (1987-2025), dataset ds75Read 14 October 2026Read source
- 2Comune di Milano, open data, 2026Popolazione, residenti per stato civile, genere, età e cittadinanza (2012-2025), dataset ds223Read 14 October 2026Read source
- 3Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana, 2025Legge 23 settembre 2025, n. 132, disposizioni e deleghe al Governo in materia di intelligenza artificiale, Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 223 of 25 September 2025Read 14 October 2026Read source
- 4Normattiva, 2026Decreto-legge 18 ottobre 2012, n. 179, article 12, Fascicolo sanitario elettronicoRead 14 October 2026Read source
- 5ATS della Città Metropolitana di Milano, 2023Informativa per apertura attività ambulatoriale (SCIA), rev. 08Read 14 October 2026Read source
- 6EUR-Lex, Publications Office of the European Union, 2016Regulation (EU) 2016/679, General Data Protection RegulationRead 14 October 2026Read source
- 7wai, 2026Security at waiRead 14 October 2026Read source
- 8wai, 2026wai changelog, intake answered by voice in any languageRead 14 October 2026Read source
- 9Garante per la protezione dei dati personali, 2023Decalogo per la realizzazione di servizi sanitari nazionali attraverso sistemi di Intelligenza ArtificialeRead 14 October 2026Read source
Every enquiry answered in the patient's language, every visit filed on time.
Fifteen minutes with a clinician who uses wai daily, on your own diary and payments. We reply within one working day.
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